FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
Fifth generation computers are in developmental stage which is based on the artificial intelligence. The goal of the fifth generation is to develop the device which could respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will be used in this technology. So we can say that the fifth generation computers will have the power of human intelligence.

CHARACTERISTICS
1) The fifth generation computers will use super large scale integrated chips.
2) They will have artificial intelligence.
3) They will be able to recognize image and graphs.
4) Fifth generation computer aims to be able to solve highly complex problem including decision making, logical reasoning.
5) They will be able to use more than one CPU for faster processing speed.
6) Fifth generation computers are intended to work with natural language.

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UNIVAC

Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first commercially general purpose electronic computer. John Eckert and John Mauchly at the Moore School of Engineering, Pennsylvania developed it in 1951. It was used for the analysis of 1952 Presidential Election in the United States. It was 8 feet high, 15 feet long and weighed 5 tons. It contained 5600 tubes, 18000 crystal diodes, and 300 relays. A magnetic tape was used for data input and output.

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EDSAC

Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC)



















EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was developed by a group of scientists, headed by Professor Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University, England, in 1949. It was also based on the stored program concept and one of the first to use binary digits. The input and output were provided by a paper tape. It could do about 700 additions per second and 200 multiplications per second. The machine occupied a room, which measured 5/4 meters.

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EDVAC

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)














John Mauchly and J.P. Eckert also proposed the development of EDVAC. The conceptual design for EDVAC electronic computer to use the stored program concept introduced by John Von Neumann. Unlike the ENIAC, it used binary number rather than decimal. The University of Pennsylvania built the EDVAC for the U.S. Army’s Ballistics Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground. EDVAC had almost 6000 vacuum tubes and 12000 diodes. It consumed 56kW of power. It covered 490 feet square of floor and weighed 7850kg.

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ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)














Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was designed by John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert in 1946 at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. It was the first electronic computer. ENIAC was initially built for the United States military to calculate the paths of artillery shells. It contained 18000 vacuum tubes, 7200 crystal diodes, 1500 relays, 70000 resistors, 10000 capacitors and around 5 million hand-soldered joints. It weighed nearly 30 tons and consumed 160 kW of power. Input was possible from an IBM card reader while an IBM punch card was used for output.

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